In 1632, Charles I of England granted Lord Baltimore a colonial charter, naming the colony after his wife, Henrietta Maria. As one of the original Thirteen Colonies of England, Maryland was founded by George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, a Catholic convert who sought to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England. īefore its coastline was explored by Europeans in the 16th century, Maryland was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans – mostly by Algonquian peoples and, to a lesser degree, Iroquoian and Siouan. It is named after Henrietta Maria, the French-born queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland, who was known then in England as Mary. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, and the Chesapeake Bay State. The eastern side of the state makes up the Chesapeake Bay, sharing the border with Delaware, and the southeastern side borders the Atlantic Ocean. The western portion of the state contains numerous stretches of the Appalachian Mountains, while the central portion is primarily composed of the Piedmont. Baltimore is the largest city in the state, and the capital is Annapolis. With a total land area of 12,407 square miles (32,130 km 2), Maryland is the 8th-smallest state by land area, but its population of 6,177,224 ranks it the 18th-most populous state and the 5th-most densely populated. to its south and west Pennsylvania to its north and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. It borders Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. Maryland ( US: / ˈ m ɛr ɪ l ə n d/ ( listen) MERR-il-ənd) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.
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